ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MENOPAUSE AND OSTEOPOROSIS AMONG WOMEN
Keywords:
Menopause, Osteoporosis, WomenAbstract
This paper assessed the relationship between menopause and osteoporosis among women. Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation and ovulation due to ovarian failure. Osteoporosis is a bone disease that develops when bone mineral density and bone mass decreases, or when the quality or structureof bone changes. Method adopted for this study was a comprehensive review of related literature. The reviewprovided insights into the relationship between menopause and osteoporosis among women. The findings seem to suggest that Menopausal hormonal changes can impact bone health, potentially influencing the development or progression of osteoporosis. The authors concluded by recommending that women going through menopause should increase vitamin D and calcium levels intake, as well as engaging in weight- bearing exercises like walking, jogging, or resistance training, as this can help improve bone density and reduce the risk of osteoporosis.References
Bartl R., Frisch B. Springer-Verlag; Berlin Heidelberg, (2009). Osteoporosis: Diagnosis, Prevention,Therapy;
–124. Bonjour J.P., Theintz G., Law F., Slosman D. & Rizzoli R. (1994) Peak bone mass. Osteoporosis Int. 4:7– 13. Bonjour J.P., Chevalley T., Ferrari, S. & Rizzoli, R. (2009) The importance and relevance of peak bone massin
the prevalence of osteoporosis. Salud Publica Mex. 51: S5–S17. Caggiari G., Leali P.T., Mosele G.R., Puddu L., Badessi F., Doria C, (2016). Safety and effectiveness of
teriparatide vs alendronate in postmenopausal osteoporosis: A prospective non randomized clinical
study. Clin. Cases Min. Bone Metab. 13:200–203. Ceylan B, Özerdoğan N. (2015). Factors affecting age of onset of menopause and determination of quality of
life in menopause. Turk J Obstet Gynecol. Mar;12(1):43-49. Caggiari G., Leali P.T., Mosele G.R., Puddu L., Badessi F., Doria C, (2016). Hormonal and non-hormonal
interventions for menopausal symptoms. Maturitas. Mar; 23(2):159-68. Ciurlia E., Leali P.T., Doria C, (2017). Use of teriparatide off-label: Our experience and review of literature. Clin. Cases Min. Bone Metab. 14:28–34. Doria C., Mosele G.R., Solla F., Maestretti G., Balsano M., Scarpa R.M, (2017). Treatment of osteoporosis
secondary to hypogonadism in prostate cancer patients: A prospective randomized multicenter
international study with denosumab vs. alendronate. Minerva Urol. Nefrol. 69:271–277. Faubion SS, Kuhle CL, Shuster LT, Rocca WA., (2015). Long-term health consequences of premature or
early menopause and considerations for management. Climacteric.18(4):483-91. Garnero P., Sornay-Rendu E., Duboeuf F., Delmas P.D, (1994). Markers of bone turnover predict
postmenopausal forearm bone loss over 4 years: the OFELY study. J Bone Miner Res. 14:1614– 1621. Greendale G.A., Sowers M.F., Han W, (2012). Bone mineral density loss in relation to the final menstrual
period in a multiethnic cohort: results from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN)
J Bone Miner Res. 27:111–118. Harlow, S. (2012). Executive Summary of the Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop + 10: Addressing the
Unfinished Agenda of Staging Reproductive Aging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 97(4):1159–
PMID:
Huang, D.R., Goodship, A. & Webber, I. (2023). Experience and severity of menopause symptoms and effects
on health-seeking behaviours: a cross-sectional online survey of community dwelling adultsin the
United Kingdom. BMC Women's Health 23, 373). Kanis, J.A., Melton, L.J., Christiansen, C. & Johnston, C.C. & Khaltaev N. (1994) The diagnosis of
osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. Aug 9:1137–1141. Langdahl, B.L. & Andersen, J.D, (2018). Treatment of Osteoporosis: Unmet Needs and Emerging Solutions. J. Bone Metab. 25:133–140. Leali, P.T., Solla, F., Maestretti, G., Balsano, M. & Doria, C, (2016). Safety and efficacy of vertebroplasty in
the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: A prospective multicenter international
randomized controlled study. Clin. Cases Min. Bone Metab. 13:234–236. Lerner, U.H. (2006). Bone remodeling in post-menopausal osteoporosis. J Dent Res. 85:584–595. Lewiecki, E.M. (2008). Prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Obstet Gynecol Clin N
Am. 35:301–315. McKinlay, S.M., Brambilla, D.J. & Posner, J.G. (1992). The normal menopause transition. Maturitas. Jan;14(2):103–15. Nelson, H.D., Haney, E. & Humphrey L. (2005). Management of menopause-/related symptoms. Evid Rep
Technol Assess (Summ). Mar;(120):1-6. Nelson, H.D., Helfand. M., Woolf, S.H. & Allan, J.D. (2002). Screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis: a
review of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med.137(6):529–541. Nelson, H.D. & Helfand, M. (2002). Screening for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Systematic Evidence
Review No 17 (Prepared by the Oregon Evidence-based Practice Center for the Agency forHealthcare
Research and Quality). Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality;
Okeke, T., Anyaehie, U. & Ezenyeaku, C. (2013). Premature menopause. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2013
Jan;3(1):90-5. Proceedings from the NIH State-of-the-Science Conference on Management of Menopause-Related
Symptoms, (2005); Am J Med; March 21-23: Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Dec 19, 1–171. Richelson, L.S., Wahner, H.W., Melton, L.J. & Riggs, B.L, (1984). Relative contributions of aging and
estrogen deficiency to postmenopausal bone loss. N. Engl. J. Med. 311:1273–1275. Rogers, A., Saleh, G., Hannon, R.A., Greenfield, D. & Eastell, R. (2002). Circulating estradiol and
osteoprotegerin as determinants of bone turnover and bone density in postmenopausal women. J Clin
Endocrinol Metab. 87:4470–4475. Sapre, S. &Thakur, R. (2004). Lifestyle and dietary factors determine age at natural menopause. J Mid-life
Health. 5:3. Sandhu, S.K. & Hampson, G. (2011). The pathogenesis, diagnosis, investigation and management of
osteoporosis. J Clin Pathol. 64:1042–1050. Sornay-Rendu, E., Munoz, F., Duboeuf, F. & Delmas P.D, (2005). Rate of forearm bone loss is associated
with an increased risk of fracture independently of bone mass in postmenopausal women: The
OFELY study. J. Bone Min. Res.20:1929–1935. Styrkarsdottir, U., Halldorsson, B.V. & Gretarsdottir, S. (2009). New sequence variants associated with bone mineral density. Nat Genet.; 41:15–17.
Su, H.I. & Freeman, E.W. (2009). Hormone changes associated with the menopausal transition. Minerva
Ginecol. Dec. 61(6):483-9. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women, (2002). Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Policy. Woods, N.F. & Mitchell, E.S. (2005). Symptoms during the perimenopause: prevalence, severity, trajectory, and significance in women's lives. Am J Med. Dec 19;118 Suppl 12B:14–24. Wu, Q., Xiao, X. & Xu, Y. (2020). Evaluating the Performance of the WHO International Reference Standard
for Osteoporosis Diagnosis in Postmenopausal Women of Varied Polygenic Score and Race. J. Clin. Med. 9:499. Wu, Q., Xu, Y. & Lin (2019). Trends and Disparities in Self-Reported and Measured Osteoporosis among US
Adults, 2007–2014. J. Clin. Med. 8:2052.